Pyrethrum in Vietnam: growing Tanacetum cinerariifolium in the northern highlands

In short: Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) is a perennial daisy whose flower heads contain natural pyrethrins. It needs a cool period to flower, so in tropical countries it is grown in highlands. Thảo Dược Xanh is trialling pyrethrum in Vietnam’s northern highlands – Mộc Châu (Sơn La), Điện Biên and Hà Giang – to build a domestic source of seeds, dried flowers and extract.

The plant

Also known as Dalmatian chrysanthemum, pyrethrum originates from the Adriatic coast of the Balkans. It forms clumps 30–80 cm tall with grey-green, finely divided leaves and white-rayed, yellow-centred flower heads, and can be harvested for several years.

Pyrethrins

• Six natural esters: pyrethrin I and II, cinerin I and II, jasmolin I and II – concentrated in the flower heads, especially the achenes.
• Dried flowers typically contain around 1–2% pyrethrins; selected clones can reach higher levels.
• Pyrethrins break down quickly in sunlight and air, but are toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates and bees.

Why the highlands?

Flower initiation requires an extended cool period. Traditional producers in East Africa grow pyrethrum on high plateaus, while Tasmania (Australia) grows it near sea level thanks to its cool climate. Vietnam’s northern mountain areas with cold winters offer a comparable window, along with well-drained hillside soils.

Our trial programme

We are evaluating growth, flowering and pyrethrin content at three highland sites, working with local farmers under an outgrower model: seed supply, free technical training and guaranteed purchase of flowers. Buyers and research partners interested in Vietnamese pyrethrum can contact us to discuss samples and future supply.

Any plant-protection product made from pyrethrum must be registered under the regulations of the country where it is sold.